Urbanization, Trade, and Governance Systems in the Bronze Age

Introduction | Development | Urbanization | Architectural Innovations | conclusion | references

 Trade played a crucial role in the development of Bronze Age societies. The expansion of long-distance trade networks facilitated the exchange of bronze, luxury goods, and essential resources like tin and copper. Assyrian trade records from the Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000–1650 BCE) provide valuable insights into these exchanges. Merchants from Aššur established trade colonies across Anatolia, particularly in Kaneš, which became a regional hub for commercial activities.

Archaeological evidence suggests that large cities emerged at strategic trade intersections, reinforcing the idea that urban centers flourished due to their access to transportation networks. The economic size and political influence of cities like Kaneš were directly correlated with their connectivity to natural and constructed roadways. Furthermore, Bronze Age governance structures evolved to support commercial enterprises, with local rulers overseeing trade routes, maintaining roads, and collecting tolls in exchange for security.

Agricultural innovations also played a role in economic expansion. The Bronze Age saw the introduction of wheat, barley, and millet into Central and South Asia through long-distance trade and cultural exchanges. Stevens et al. explored how these staple crops spread across the Middle Asian corridor, contributing to increased agricultural productivity and population growth . This movement of crops illustrates the interconnectedness of societies across Eurasia and their reliance on trade networks for sustenance and economic development.

Cretan influence extended beyond tools and trade, reaching social structures as well. Cutler discusses how craft production, particularly in textiles, shaped the economic strategies of different groups in the southern Aegean. The transmission of weaving knowledge between Minoan and non-Minoan communities illustrates the integration of economic and cultural systems in the region .