Essential Child Care

Exploring the Past, Present, and Progress of Child Care

References 

Behbehani, F., Kowalski, A. J., Selam, H., Dombrowski, E., & Black, M. M. (2024). Childcare centre attendance and health, growth, and development among children aged 0–3 years in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Journal of Global Health14, 04028. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10882641/pdf/jogh-14-04028.pdf

Charters, T. J., & Findlay, L. C. (2024). Child care centre workers serving children aged 0 to 5 years in Canada, 2021 to 2022. Economic and Social Reports, 4(12). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/36-28-0001/2024012/article/00004-eng.pdf

Cleveland, G. (2022). Early Learning and Child Care in Canada: Where Have We Come From, Where Are We Going?. Institute for Research on Public Policy. https://irpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Early-Learning-and-Child-Care-in-Canada-Where-Have-We-Come-From-Where-Are-We-Going.pdf

Cleveland, G. (2025). A New Statistics Canada Report On Canada’s Child Care Workforce. Child Care Policy. https://childcarepolicy.net/a-new-statistics-canada-report-on-canadas-child-care-workforce

Eckhardt, A. G., & Egert, F. (2020). Predictors for the quality of family child care: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review116, 105205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105205

Government of Canada. (2022). Defining and measuring the quality of Early Learning and Child Care: A literature review. https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/programs/early-learning-child-care/reports/2019-defining-measuring-quality.html

Government of Canada. (2025). National Progress Report on Early Learning and Child Care 2020 to 2021. https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/programs/early-learning-child-care/reports/national-progress-2020-2021.html

Herman, E. R., Breedlove, M. L., & Lang, S. N. (2021, December). Family child care support and implementation: Current challenges and strategies from the perspectives of providers. In Child & Youth Care Forum (Vol. 50, pp. 1037-1062). Springer US. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10566-021-09613-5

Hinsliff, G. (2024). Canada is showing that it’s possible to have universal, affordable childcare. Is the UK brave enough to follow? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/oct/11/canada-universal-affordable-childcare-uk-parents

Prochner, L., & Howe, N. (2011). Early childhood care and education in Canada: Past, present, and future. UBC Press. https://www.ubcpress.ca/asset/9441/1/9780774807715.pdf

Statistics Canada. (2023). Child care arrangements, 2023. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/231205/dq231205a-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. (2024, December 19). Characteristics of child care centre workers in Canada, 2022. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/daily-quotidien/241219/dq241219e-eng.pdf?st=fs4E1nfl


Images References

Getty Images. (2019). Multi-ethnic group of preschool students in class. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/multi-ethnic-group-of-preschool-students-in-class-royalty-free-image/1166892018?adppopup=true

Dickson, C. (2022). Parents, daycare providers call on government for clear guidance on making child care settings safer. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/daycares-covid-clear-guidelines-1.6314561Library and Archives Canada. (1940s). A mother drops off her two children at a day nursery. Active History. https://activehistory.ca/blog/2013/10/07/still-insufficient-child-care-in-canada/

CRRSBC. (n.d.). Steps to Quality Network. https://crrsbc.org/steps-to-quality-network/

Toronto District School Board. (n.d.). Niagara Street Junior Public School. https://schoolweb.tdsb.on.ca/niagara/About-Us/History

Montreal Gazette. (2020). History Through Our Eyes: June 2, 1942, Montreal Day Nursery. https://www.montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/history-through-our-eyes/history-through-our-eyes-june-2-1942-montreal-day-nursery/

Getty Images. (2023). Teacher playing with toy blocks in class at the school. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/teacher-playing-with-toy-blocks-in-class-at-the-royalty-free-image/1459390112?adppopup=true

Getty Images. (2024). Reading is Fun! https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/reading-is-fun-royalty-free-image/2152984800?adppopup=true

Getty Images. (2021). Thank you for your help, teacher! https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/thank-you-for-your-help-teacher-royalty-free-image/1296235448?adppopup=true

Lebedinskaia, N. (2022). Children focus on playing with eco-friendly natural toys on the floor in a bright room. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/children-focus-on-playing-with-eco-friendly-natural-royalty-free-image/1410098181?adppopup=true


Useful Resources

Childcare Canada. (n.d.). Home. childcarecanada.org | A project of the Childcare Resource and Research Unit

CCCF. (n.d.). Explore Our ECE Topics. Explore our ECE Topics | The Canadian Child Care Federatione

CCRC Westcoat Family Centres. (n.d.). eResources. eResources :: Westcoast Child Care Resource Centre


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