Sources

References and
External Links

All sources used across this website cited in full, alongside three authoritative external websites for further reading on quantum computing.

Text Sources

  1. Arute, F., Arya, K., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Bardin, J. C., Barends, R., & Martinis, J. M. (2019). Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor. Nature, 574(7779), 505-510. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5
  2. Shor, P. W. (1994). Algorithms for quantum computation: Discrete logarithms and factoring. Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1994.365700
  3. Preskill, J. (2018). Quantum computing in the NISQ era and beyond. Quantum, 2, 79. https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79
  4. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2024). NIST releases first three finalised post-quantum cryptographic standards. NIST. https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-releases-first-3-finalized-post-quantum-cryptographic-standards
  5. IBM. (2023). IBM unveils 1,000-qubit quantum chip. IBM Research. https://research.ibm.com/blog/ibm-quantum-heron
  6. McKinsey Global Institute. (2023). Quantum technology monitor. McKinsey and Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/quantum-technology-monitor
  7. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019). Quantum computing: Progress and prospects. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25196
  8. Biamonte, J., Wittek, P., Pancotti, N., Rebentrost, P., Wiebe, N., & Lloyd, S. (2017). Quantum machine learning. Nature, 549(7671), 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23474
  9. Wehner, S., Elkouss, D., & Hanson, R. (2018). Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead. Science, 362(6412), eaam9288. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam9288
  10. Office of Science and Technology Policy. (2022). National quantum initiative annual report. The White House. https://www.quantum.gov/nqi-annual-report/

External Websites

Three authoritative external resources selected for further study on quantum computing, each evaluated for accuracy, authority, and currency.

01

IBM Quantum Learning — Official IBM Quantum Education Hub

IBM's comprehensive quantum computing education platform offering free courses from introductory through advanced level, access to real quantum hardware via the cloud, and documentation for Qiskit, IBM's open-source quantum software framework. IBM maintains the world's largest publicly accessible fleet of quantum computers and this resource is authoritative, continuously updated, and widely used by researchers and students globally.

https://learning.quantum.ibm.com/
↗ Visit Website
02

NIST — Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardisation

The United States National Institute of Standards and Technology's dedicated resource for the post-quantum cryptography standardisation project. This site documents the algorithms selected as the first post-quantum cryptographic standards in 2024, provides technical specifications, and explains the threat that quantum computers pose to current encryption. NIST is the definitive authority on cryptographic standards for the United States and much of the world.

https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-cryptography
↗ Visit Website
03

Quantum.gov — US National Quantum Initiative

The official website of the United States National Quantum Initiative, coordinating federal quantum research, workforce development, and international cooperation. Provides annual reports, funding announcements, and research priorities from all major US government quantum programmes. This resource provides the most authoritative overview of government investment and strategy in quantum technologies at a national policy level.

https://www.quantum.gov/
↗ Visit Website

Contact Information

NameHarmanjeet Singh
Student ID991810108
College IDsin18095@shernet.sheridancollege.ca

Publication Details

Last UpdatedApril 2026
Copyright© 2026 Harmanjeet Singh. All rights reserved.