Types of Memory
Human memory is divided into three main systems, and each system plays an important role in processing information.
Sensory Memory
The first stage of memory is the sensory memory. It is a temporary memory in the environment and uses senses to store the information.
Two types are found:
- Iconic memory - representations of visual data e.g. pictures.
- Echoic memory - auditory information is stored in it including sounds.
Sensory memory, although just a few seconds, is crucial in attention and perception.
Short-Term (Working) Memory
Working memory or short-term memory is a memory that holds information that is in the process of being utilized.
It is necessary that:
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Reading and understanding information
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Solving problems
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Following instructions
This kind of memory has a limited power and hence excess information simultaneously may cause decrease in performance.
Long-Term Memory
Long-term memory is a long-term relocation of information in the form of minutes to a lifetime.
It is divided into:
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Declarative (explicit memory) - facts and personal experiences.
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Implicit memory (non-declarative) - skills and habits.
Long-term memory can help one to keep the knowledge and apply in his or her daily life.
| Summary of Memory Types | |
| Sensory memory |
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| Working memory |
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| Long-term memory |
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